Nipple Shields: Practical Relief for Breastfeeding Moms
Breastfeeding can feel overwhelming when time is short, sleep is broken, and comfort is hard to find. For many new parents, nipple pain or latch struggles make nursing stressful instead of soothing. A nipple shield is a thin silicone cover that may help a baby latch and feed when direct breastfeeding feels too painful or difficult.
In this guide, parents will find clear steps, a simple checklist, and practical examples on how nipple shields work, when they may help, and what safety notes to keep in mind. The information is evidence-based and reflects guidance from trusted US health authorities, so families can feel confident about making informed choices.
The focus is on saving time and energy while supporting safe feeding, whether during the early postpartum weeks or while adjusting to a newborn’s changing needs. Let’s begin.
Key Takeaways
- Nipple shields may support feeding when latch or comfort issues arise
- Safe use depends on timing, fit, and supervision from a lactation expert
- Practical steps and safety notes help make breastfeeding less stressful
Understanding Nipple Shields
Nipple shields are small tools that can support breastfeeding when latch problems, nipple pain, or early feeding challenges arise. They are not always necessary, but when used correctly, they may help babies feed more effectively and give mothers temporary relief.
What Are Nipple Shields?
A nipple shield is a thin, flexible cover worn over the nipple and part of the areola during breastfeeding. Most modern versions are made of soft silicone and shaped like a nipple to mimic the natural breast.
They are often suggested when a newborn struggles to latch, when a mother has flat or inverted nipples, or when nipples are sore and healing. The Cleveland Clinic explains that shields can sometimes help babies who cannot latch directly onto the breast.
Nipple shields may also be used with premature infants who lack the strength to nurse effectively. While they can support feeding in the short term, studies such as those reviewed in PMC note that older shield designs sometimes reduced breast milk transfer. Newer silicone nipple shields are thinner and designed to improve milk flow.
Parents should use shields under the guidance of an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) to avoid dependence and ensure the baby still receives enough breast milk.
How Nipple Shields Work
The shield acts as a barrier between the baby’s mouth and the nipple. When the baby sucks, the silicone stretches and draws the nipple tissue into the tunnel of the shield. This can make it easier for the baby to latch onto the breast.
Proper placement is important. The shield should cover the nipple and fit snugly against the areola. The baby should latch onto the entire areola area, not just the tip of the shield. The Children’s Health Ireland guideline notes that a correct latch ensures visible breast movement with each suck.
Shields are usually considered a short-term aid. If used too long, they may affect milk supply or make it harder for the baby to transition back to direct breastfeeding. Regular monitoring of baby’s weight and feeding behavior helps confirm that enough breast milk is being transferred.
Common Types and Materials
Modern nipple shields are almost always made of clear silicone, which is soft, flexible, and easy to clean. Silicone nipple shields are preferred over older latex versions because they are thinner and less likely to cause allergies.
Shields come in different sizes and shapes. Some have a rounded tip, while others have a cut-out area at the base to allow more skin-to-skin contact. Choosing the right size is important for comfort and milk flow.
Historically, nipple shields were made from materials like silver, wood, or rubber. Today’s designs are safer and more effective. The La Leche League UK emphasizes that shields should be well-fitted and used only when needed, ideally with professional guidance.
When selecting a nipple shield, parents should look for:
- Material: Medical-grade silicone.
- Size: Small, medium, or large depending on nipple size.
- Design: Standard or cut-out for more contact.
A well-fitted shield supports milk transfer while protecting the nipple, but it should be seen as a temporary tool, not a permanent solution.
When to Use a Nipple Shield
A nipple shield can support breastfeeding when a baby struggles to latch, when nipples are sore or cracked, or when a parent has inverted nipples. It is most effective when used under the guidance of a lactation consultant to avoid long-term issues with milk supply or nipple confusion.
Supporting Latch Challenges
Some babies have difficulty latching due to conditions like tongue-tie, prematurity, or weak oral muscles. A nipple shield creates a firmer, longer surface that makes it easier for the baby to latch. This can help reduce frustration during feeding.
The Cleveland Clinic notes that shields act like a second nipple, allowing milk to flow through small holes while teaching the baby proper sucking. Parents often use them temporarily while working on latch training.
Benefits
- Encourages sucking practice
- Reduces nipple pain from shallow latching
- Helps transition from bottle to breast
Risks
- May reduce milk transfer if used incorrectly
- Can lead to lower milk supply if not monitored
Checklist for latch support
- Try direct latching first
- Use the correct shield size
- Monitor baby’s weight and diaper output
- Wean off when latch improves
Managing Sore or Cracked Nipples
Breastfeeding can cause nipple pain, especially in the early postpartum weeks. Cracked or bleeding nipples may make feeding unbearable. A nipple shield provides a thin barrier that reduces friction while still allowing milk transfer.
The University Hospitals guide explains that shields may be useful when nipple trauma prevents comfortable feeding. They can protect the skin while healing occurs.
Common mistakes to avoid
- Using a shield as the only fix without correcting latch
- Skipping nipple care (lanolin, air drying, breast milk application)
- Not cleaning or sanitizing the shield after each use
Tip: If pain persists longer than a week, seek help from an IBCLC (International Board Certified Lactation Consultant).
Addressing Inverted Nipples
Inverted nipples can make it harder for a newborn to latch directly. A nipple shield provides a structured shape that mimics an extended nipple, giving the baby a more stable surface.
According to Medela, shields may be especially helpful in the early days when babies need extra stimulation to suck effectively.
Alternatives & quick comparison
| Option | Benefit | Limitation |
|---|---|---|
| Nipple shield | Immediate latch support | Possible reduced milk flow |
| Nipple everter | Non-feeding prep tool | Temporary effect |
| Pumping before feed | Stimulates letdown + draws out | Time-consuming |
Guidance from a Lactation Consultant
Experts strongly recommend using nipple shields only under professional guidance. A lactation consultant can ensure the correct size, teach proper placement, and create a plan to transition off the shield.
When to call a lactation consultant or doctor
- Baby is not gaining weight
- Mother experiences ongoing nipple pain
- Milk supply seems to decrease
- Baby has fewer than 6 wet diapers daily
Choosing and Using Nipple Shields
Nipple shields are thin silicone covers that can help with latch challenges, nipple pain, or flat and inverted nipples. They are a short-term tool that may support breastfeeding, but correct size, brand choice, and safe cleaning practices make a big difference in comfort and milk transfer.
Selecting the Right Size
The most common nipple shield sizes are 20mm and 24mm, though some brands also make smaller or larger options. A proper fit means the nipple moves freely inside the shield without rubbing the sides. Too small can cause pain, while too large may reduce milk flow and baby’s suction.
Mothers with flat or inverted nipples often start with a 20mm shield, while those with average or larger nipples may need 24mm. An IBCLC (lactation consultant) can measure the nipple base and guide the right choice.
The Cleveland Clinic notes that nipple shields should not be a first-line fix but can be useful when supervised by a lactation professional (Cleveland Clinic). Parents should also monitor diaper output and weight gain to make sure milk transfer is adequate.
Quick fit check
- Nipple centered in the shield
- No pinching or blanching
- Baby swallowing during feeds
Popular Nipple Shield Brands
Several brands are widely used in the US. The Medela Contact Nipple Shield has a cut-out design that allows more skin contact. The Lansinoh Contact Nipple Shield is soft and flexible, often chosen for newborns. The Ameda Contact Nipple Shield offers a similar style with different sizing options.
Some parents like the Munchkin Flow Shield because of its visual latch guide (Motherly). The Haakaa Nipple Shield, however, is thicker and less often recommended by lactation experts (Nurturing Milk).
Brand snapshot
| Brand | Key Feature | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| Medela Contact | Nose cut-out | Skin-to-skin contact |
| Lansinoh Contact | Soft silicone | Newborn latch help |
| Ameda Contact | Multiple sizes | Flexibility in fit |
| Munchkin Flow | Visual guide | Parents new to shields |
| Haakaa Shield | Thick design | Less recommended |
Proper Application and Cleaning
To apply, the shield should be slightly inverted and stretched before placing over the nipple. This pulls some areola into the shield and helps the baby latch more deeply. Position cut-outs (if present) under the baby’s nose for easier breathing.
Step-by-step use
- Wash hands.
- Moisten the shield with water or breast milk.
- Invert and stretch the base.
- Place over nipple, ensuring a snug seal.
- Latch baby as usual, watching for active swallowing.
Cleaning depends on the baby’s health. For full-term healthy infants, hot soapy water after each feed is usually enough. For premature or medically fragile babies, the University of Rochester Medical Center recommends both washing and sanitizing after every use (URMC).
Checklist for safe use
- Always wash before first use
- Sanitize if baby is premature
- Replace when worn out
- Reassess fit regularly with an IBCLC
Tips for Safe and Effective Use
Using a nipple shield requires attention to milk supply, latch, and proper weaning. Parents also need to understand the difference between shields and breast shells, and how skin-to-skin contact supports feeding success.
Maintaining Milk Supply
A nipple shield can help with latch, but it may reduce breast stimulation if used long-term. Less stimulation can lower milk supply. To prevent this, many lactation consultants recommend hand expression or pumping after feeds.
The CDC (2024) notes that milk supply depends on frequent, effective removal of milk. If the baby does not empty the breast well with the shield, pumping can protect supply.
Supply support checklist
- Nurse at least 8–12 times daily.
- Pump if breasts feel full after a feed.
- Track wet diapers (6+ per day after day 5).
- Watch for signs of mastitis, such as pain, fever, or red streaks.
Transitioning Off the Shield
Nipple shields are meant for short-term use. The Cleveland Clinic advises stopping once the baby can latch directly.
Steps to transition
- Start each feed with the shield if needed.
- Mid-feed, remove the shield and try direct latch.
- Offer the breast without the shield during calm times, such as after skin-to-skin.
Skin-to-Skin Contact
Skin-to-skin contact—placing the baby directly on the parent’s bare chest—supports breastfeeding by calming the baby and encouraging natural feeding cues. The WHO (2023) recommends skin-to-skin immediately after birth and throughout the postpartum period.
Practical tips
- Do skin-to-skin before feeds to relax both parent and baby.
- Use a blanket over the baby’s back to keep them warm.
- Partners can also provide skin-to-skin for bonding.
Differences Between Nipple Shields and Breast Shells
Nipple shields and breast shells are not the same. Shields are silicone covers worn during nursing. Breast shells are plastic cups worn inside the bra between feeds.
Shield vs. shell at a glance
| Feature | Nipple Shield | Breast Shell |
|---|---|---|
| Use | During nursing | Between feeds |
| Purpose | Help baby latch, reduce nipple pain | Protect sore nipples, collect leaking milk |
| Contact with baby | Yes, baby feeds through it | No, worn inside bra |
| Risks | May reduce milk transfer if misused | Can cause pressure sores if too tight |
Frequently Asked Questions
Nipple shields can provide short-term support during breastfeeding, especially for latch challenges or nipple pain. A single FAQ below gathers all common questions in one place for better UX and SEO.
How can I determine the correct size?
Measure with an IBCLC. Your nipple should move freely within the tunnel without rubbing. Most start with 20–24 mm.
Do shields lower milk supply?
They can if milk transfer drops. Protect supply by pumping/hand-expressing after feeds until latch improves.
Can I use a shield with pumping?
Yes, but remove the shield to pump; then pump long enough to empty and maintain supply.
How long should I use one?
Only short-term—days to a few weeks—while you fix latch with an IBCLC. Start weaning as soon as baby can latch.
Are shields safe for preterm babies?
Often used under medical/lactation guidance. Monitor weight, diapers, and transfer closely.
Shield vs. breast shell—what’s the difference?
Shield: worn during feeds to aid latch. Shell: worn between feeds to protect and collect leaks.
What if the baby refuses the breast without the shield?
Use skin-to-skin, try mid-feed removal, offer during calm/sleepy times, and get IBCLC support.
When should I call a doctor?
Fever, breast pain, red streaks, poor weight gain, <6 wet diapers/day after day 5, or persistent nipple wounds.
References
- Cleveland Clinic: Nipple Shields: When & How To Use Them
- PMC review: Nipple Shields: A Review
- Children’s Health Ireland guideline: How to Use Nipple Shields (2022)
- La Leche League UK: Nipple Shields
- University Hospitals: Nipple Shields
- Medela: When & Why to Use Nipple Shields
- Motherly: Nipple Shields & Breastfeeding
- Nurturing Milk: Ultimate Guide to Nipple Shields
- URMC: Nipple Shield Cleaning & Use
- WebMD: Using a Nipple Shield
- What to Expect: Nipple Shields for Breastfeeding
- HealthLink BC: Nipple Shields & Problems